Muri iki gihe, igice kinini cy'ibiryo by'amatungo bipfunyikwamo ntabwo bishobora kongera gukoreshwa. Inganda zikomeye n'amatsinda nka Pet Sustainability Alliance barashaka kubihindura.
Inganda zitunganya ibiryo by'amatungo, zizwiho imifuka minini kandi ikora ibikoresho byinshi bigoye kongera gukoresha, zabaye zimwe mu nzego ziheruka kongera gutekereza ku gupfunyika kwazo. Imiterere y'ibikoresho bimwe, imiterere yoroheje no kongera gukoresha ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa “recycled” irimo kuba ingenzi ku bigo by'ubucuruzi.
Abaguzi bakoresha miliyari z'amadolari ku biribwa by'amatungo buri mwaka, kandi Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zakora amasashe ya pulasitiki agera kuri miliyoni 300 yo kugaburira amatungo n'ibiryo biryoshye, nk'uko ubushakashatsi bwakorewe mu nganda bubigaragaza. Muri iki gihe, inyinshi muri ibi bikoresho ntizishobora kongera gukoreshwa. Ariko uko abakiri bato kandi barambye batangira gushora imari mu gutunga amatungo, ni ko impinduka zigenda ziyongera.
Christine Mallier, ushinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije muri Petcurean, yagize ati: “Abaguzi bashaka gupakira ibintu bishobora kongera gukoreshwa, gufumbira cyangwa kongera gukoreshwa.” Petcurean ni ikigo cyo muri Kanada gikora ibirango bya Go! Solutions, Now Fresh, na Gather. “Igihe kirekire, ibiciro byari hejuru cyane.”
Imifuka isanzwe y’ibiryo byumye by’amatungo (byitwa kibble) ikozwe mu gikoresho gikomeye, gisa n’aho kidacika gitwikiriwe n’impapuro cyangwa pulasitiki byakozwe mu byuma kugira ngo ibiryo bibungabungwe kandi birinde ibinure kuva. Igice cyo hanze cy’umufuka gikunze kugira irangi rirabagirana. Kubera ko iyi mifuka ikozwe mu mpapuro na pulasitiki, biragoye kuyikoresha.
Amasosiyete acuruza ibikoresho yatangiye gukora imifuka ikoresheje polyethylene na ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) kandi arimo gushaka ubundi buryo bwo koroshya imiterere yayo.
Iyi ntambwe ituruka ku bikorwa byakozwe n’amasosiyete akomeye acuruza ibiribwa by’amatungo nka Purina, Hill's, na Mars, yiyemeje kubungabunga ibidukikije birimo no gupakira. Purina ivuga ko hafi 90% by’ibipfunyika byayo bya pulasitiki muri Amerika ya Ruguru “byagenewe kongera gukoreshwa,” kandi ko iyi kompanyi ifite intego yo kugera ku gipimo cya 95% cyo kongera gukoresha mu 2025.
Umuryango udaharanira inyungu wita ku binyabuzima by’amatungo watangije umuhigo wawo wo kubungabunga ibidukikije mu 2022 wo gushishikariza ibiryo by’amatungo guhindura uburyo bwo gupakira ibikomoka ku bimera bishobora kongera gukoreshwa, bishobora kongera gukoreshwa cyangwa gupakira ifumbire bitarenze umwaka wa 2025.
Ali Boden, umuyobozi mukuru wa gahunda yo gupakira muri PSC, yagize ati: “Tubona ko Indahiro yo gupakira ari amahirwe akomeye yo gufasha inganda z’ibikomoka ku matungo kugera ku bisubizo byo kongera gukoreshwa, kandi ndatekereza ko ari ahantu heza muri rusange.”
Ibigo cumi na bitatu byasinye amasezerano, harimo Earth Animal, Instinct, na Petcurean, kandi bitangiye gukururwa n'ibigo bito bicuruza ibiribwa by'amatungo. Intego y'uyu muryango ni ugushishikariza impinduka mu gihe ibigo bigenzura ibikorwa no kubihuza ku ntego rusange.
PSC iha abashyize umukono ku masezerano uburenganzira bwo kugera ku isoko ry’ibigo by’ubupfunyike byabanje gusuzumwa nka Ahlstrom na Printpack, bikabafasha kubona uburyo bwo gupfunyika mu buryo bushobora kongera gukoreshwa, bushobora kongera gukoreshwa no gufumbira. PSC inaha abanyamuryango bayo ibikoresho nko gufasha mu gutegura ibirango byo kongera gukoresha no gutanga inama ku miterere y’ibipfunyike.
Petcurean, imaze imyaka myinshi ikorana na PSC, yavuze ko intego yayo ari ukugaragaza mu mucyo ibijyanye n'ivugurura riteganyijwe.
Mbere, imifuka y’iyi sosiyete yakozwe mu byiciro byinshi bya PET, byari bigoye kongera kuyikoresha. Ubu ikozwe muri polyethylene yoroshye (LDPE), ikoze muri pulasitiki yoroshye kandi idacika, kandi imiterere yayo y’ibikoresho bimwe ishobora gutuma yoroha kuyikoresha mu gihe kizaza.
Mallier yagize ati: “Ugomba gukora ubushakashatsi bwawe kugira ngo urebe neza ko ipaki iguma ari nshya kandi iramba nk’iya nyuma.”
Ikoreshwa rya EVOH, copolymer ihindura imiterere ya thermoplastic, naryo ririmo kwiyongera muri uru rwego. EVOH ikunze guteza ibibazo byo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho, ariko amwe mu masosiyete avuga ko ashaka ibisubizo.
Roastar ivuga ko yavumbuye ibiryo by’amatungo birimo uruzitiro rusobanutse rubuza ibiryo gufatana n’igikapu kandi rushobora gukoresha EVOH ishobora kongera gukoreshwa. Isosiyete ikora imashini n’ibikoresho byo gupakiramo, Windmöller & Hölscher, nayo yavuze ko ikora imifuka y’ibiryo by’amatungo ishobora kongera gukoreshwa ifite urwego rw’uruzitiro rwa EVOH rufatanye.
Izi ngenderwaho zigira ingaruka ku bunini bw'amasakoshi. Nubwo inganda zizwiho amasakoshi manini apima ibiro 10 kugeza kuri 20, imiterere mishya myinshi ipima ibiro biri hagati ya 2.5 na 5.
Troy Snader, visi perezida mukuru ushinzwe iterambere ry’ibipfunyika bya kabiri muri ProMach, yasobanuye ko impinduka zakozwe kubera ko igishushanyo mbonera gishya gishobora kuba kidakora neza nk’igishushanyo mbonera cyabanje cy’ibice byinshi mu gutuma ibicuruzwa byumye biguma byumye bitewe n’imiterere y’imbogamizi.
Mallier yagize ati: “Haracyari imbogamizi n’imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe mu nganda zikora ibipfunyika ku bwoko bw’ibicuruzwa bishobora gupfunyika, ariko ibintu bihora bihinduka.”
Guhuza hagati yo gukora imifuka myinshi n'imito no kugabanya imyanda bifatwa nk'ibikenewe kugira ngo haboneke izindi nyungu zishobora kugerwaho mu buryo burambye zikomoka ku bikoresho bitandukanye. Kwimukira kuri PE na EVOH byinshi bisaba kandi gusuzuma ibintu bibyara umusaruro.
ProMach yongereyeho ibintu bishya, nka nip rollers, kugira ngo ikoreshwe muri ibyo bikoresho bishya. Igiciro cyo gufunga ibipfunyika bya polyethylene bishobora kuba byinshi kuko bifite ubushyuhe buke cyane ugereranyije n'ibindi bikoresho.
Snead yagize ati: “Ikibazo cyari ugukoresha ikoranabuhanga rishya ryo gushyushya aho gushyushya uburebure bwose bw’inkoni nk’uko byari byarakozwe mbere.”
Nubwo inganda zirimo gutera imbere muri uru rwego, nta soko risobanutse ry’amashashi ya pulasitiki akoreshwa mu kurya amatungo ndetse n’ibikomoka kuri sosiyete “ihoraho”. Amapaki y’ibiribwa by’amatungo y’ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose ahita yanduzwa n’ibisigazwa by’ibiribwa, bivuze ko bishobora kongera gukoreshwa mu buryo butari bwiza muri gahunda nyinshi.
Uburyo bwinshi bushya bwo gupakira ibiryo by'amatungo buboneka gusa muri gahunda zo kugarura ibiryo mu maduka. Izindi sosiyete nka Petcurean na Earthborn Holistic, zafatanyije na How2Recycle gukoresha ibirango byo kugarura ibiryo mu maduka ku masakoshi ya HDPE na LDPE.
Gahunda zo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho byo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho byakoreshejwe zakomeje kwitabwaho cyane mu myaka yashize kubera impamvu nyinshi, kandi isoko ry'ibi bikoresho rishobora kwaguka uko ibikoresho byinshi bya shimi cyangwa ibikoresho bigezweho byo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho byo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho byo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho byo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho byo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho byo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho byo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho byo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho byo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho byo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho byo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho byo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho byo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho byo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho byo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho byo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho byo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho byo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho byo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa "Berry Global" iherutse guhabwa ishimwe ryo gukora imifuka y'ibiribwa byoroshye bya Hill's ikoresheje ibikoresho bikomoka kuri iyi nzira, bigaragaza uburyo iyi ngeso ishobora kugira ingaruka ku isoko ry'ibiribwa by'amatungo.
Hagati aho, nubwo nta soko rigaragara ry’izi paki nyinshi, amatsinda y’abahindura ibiryo by’amatungo avuga ko ari ngombwa gutangira gukangurira abantu ubu.
Malil yagize ati: “Biragoye gutuma abantu bareka kumena imyanda. Ukurikije uko abaguzi babibona, bashobora gushyigikira amasosiyete arimo gutera izi ntambwe akaba abayobozi.”
“Nubwo ibi bikoresho bishobora kongera gukoreshwa mu buryo bwa tekiniki, ahantu henshi ho kongera gukoresha ibikoresho mu buryo bumwe nta bikorwa remezo bifite byo kubitunganya, cyangwa nta gukusanya ibintu ku nkengero z’umuhanda. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ipaki nyinshi za pulasitiki zoroshye zirangira zijugunywe mu myanda,” iyi sosiyete ikomeza ivuga ko “tuzaba twiteguye igihe ibikorwa remezo bizaba bimaze gushyirwaho.”
Gukomeza kwiyongera kw'igitutu ku pulasitiki zikoreshwa rimwe gusa biri guha isoko amahirwe y'ibicuruzwa bikozwe muri fibre. Ibigo nka Pulpex, Paboco, DS Smith n'ibindi birimo gufasha abakiriya gukora amacupa, amasanduku n'ibindi bishya.
Imiterere y’imisoro iteganijwe ni ikibazo gikomeye kuri zimwe mu sosiyete zipakira ibikoresho, nazo zitegura ibiganiro bigezweho kuri EPR na politiki yo gusubiza amafaranga muri uyu mwaka.
Gukomeza kwiyongera kw'igitutu ku pulasitiki zikoreshwa rimwe gusa biri guha isoko amahirwe y'ibicuruzwa bikozwe muri fibre. Ibigo nka Pulpex, Paboco, DS Smith n'ibindi birimo gufasha abakiriya gukora amacupa, amasanduku n'ibindi bishya.
Imiterere y’imisoro iteganijwe ni ikibazo gikomeye kuri zimwe mu sosiyete zipakira ibikoresho, nazo zitegura ibiganiro bigezweho kuri EPR na politiki yo gusubiza amafaranga muri uyu mwaka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-07-2025