Filimi ya pulasitiki nk'ibikoresho byo gucapa, icapwa nk'isakoshi yo gupakira, ifite urumuri kandi ibonerana, irwanya ubushuhe n'umwuka wa ogisijeni, ifata neza umwuka, ikomera kandi irwanya gupfunyika, ubuso bworoshye, ishobora kurinda ibicuruzwa, kandi ishobora kongera imiterere y'ibicuruzwa, ibara n'ibindi byiza. Bitewe n'iterambere ry'inganda zikora peteroli, ubwoko bwinshi bwa filimi ya pulasitiki, polyethylene ikoreshwa cyane ya pulasitiki (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), polyester film (PET), polypropylene (PP), nayiloni (PA) n'ibindi. Byongeye kandi, hari ubundi bwoko bwinshi bwa filimi ya pulasitiki, uruganda rukora ibikoresho byo gupakira bya pulasitiki rworoshye Shunfa ifata ko ari ngombwa gusobanukirwa imiterere ya filimi ya pulasitiki mbere yo gupakira imifuka yihariye. Yatoranyije imiterere y'ubwoko 11 bwa filimi ya pulasitiki munsi y'isakoshi yo gupakira kugira ngo urebe.
1. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
Ibyiza bya PVC filime na PET birasa, kandi ni bimwe mu biranga ubwisanzure, ubushobozi bwo guhumeka, aside na alkali. Imifuka myinshi yo mu ntangiriro y’ibiryo ikorwa mu mifuka ya PVC. Ariko, PVC ishobora kurekura kanseri bitewe no kuba itarakozwe neza muri monomer zimwe na zimwe mu buryo bwo kuyikora, bityo ntikwiriye kuzuza ibintu byo mu rwego rw’ibiribwa, kandi myinshi yahinduye imifuka yo gupakira PET, ikimenyetso cy’ibikoresho ni Nomero 3.
2. Polystyrene (PS)
Uburyo bwo kwinjiza amazi muri firime ya PS ni buke, ariko ubushobozi bwayo bwo guhagarara neza ni bwiza, kandi ishobora gutunganywa hakoreshejwe icyuma gishyushya, icyuma gikanda, icyuma gisohora amazi n'icyuma gishyushya. Muri rusange, igabanyijemo ibice bibiri bivamo ifuro n'igikuraho ifuro bitewe n'uko yanyuze mu nzira yo kuvamo ifuro. PS idafuro ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu bikoresho by'ubwubatsi, ibikinisho, ibikoresho byo mu nzu, nibindi, kandi ishobora no gukorwamo ibikoresho byuzuyemo ibikomoka ku mata byasembuye, nibindi. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ikoreshwa cyane mu gukora ibikoresho byo ku meza bikoreshwa mu gihe cyo gukoresha, kandi ikimenyetso cy'ibikoresho ni No. 6.
3. Polypropylene (PP)
Filimi isanzwe ya PP ikoresha uburyo bwo gushushanya, uburyo bworoshye kandi buhendutse, ariko imikorere y'urumuri iri hasi gato ugereranyije na CPP na BOPP. Ikintu kinini kiranga PP ni ubushyuhe bwinshi budashobora gushonga (hafi -20 ° C ~ 120 ° C), kandi aho gushonga ni 167 ° C, bikwiriye kuzuza amata ya soya, amata y'umuceri n'ibindi bicuruzwa bikenera gusukurwa mu mwuka. Ubukomere bwayo buri hejuru ugereranyije na PE, ikoreshwa mu gukora imipfundikizo y'ibikoresho, kandi ikimenyetso cy'ibikoresho ni No. 5. Muri rusange, PP ifite ubukomere bwinshi, kandi ubuso burabagirana cyane, kandi ntibutanga impumuro mbi iyo buhiye, mu gihe PE ifite impumuro ikomeye ya buji.
4. Filimi ya Polyester (PET)
Filimi ya Polyester (PET) ni pulasitiki ikoze mu buhanga bwa thermoplastic. Ibikoresho bya firime yoroheje ikozwe mu rupapuro rurerure hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusohora no kunanura icyerekezo cy'ibiri. Filimi ya Polyester irangwa n'imiterere myiza ya mashini, gukomera cyane, gukomera no gukomera, kudapfumuka, kudahangana n'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubushyuhe buke, kudahangana n'ibinyabutabire, kudahangana n'amavuta, kudapfuka umwuka no kubungabunga impumuro nziza, ni imwe mu mashini zikoreshwa cyane mu kudahangana n'impinduka, ariko kudahangana n'ikoroboyi ni bike, igiciro ni kinini. Ubunini bwa firime muri rusange ni 0.12mm, ikoreshwa nk'ibikoresho byo hanze by'isakoshi yo gupfukamo ibiryo, kandi uburyo bwo gucapa ni bwiza. Shyira akamenyetso k'ibikoresho ku kimenyetso cya 1 mu gicuruzwa cya pulasitiki.
5. Nayiloni (PA)
Filimi ya pulasitiki ya nylon (polyamide PA) ubu ikorerwa mu nganda mu bwoko bwinshi, aho ubwoko bw'ingenzi bukoreshwa mu gukora filimi ari nylon 6, nylon 12, nylon 66 n'ibindi. Filimi ya nylon ni filimi ikomeye cyane, irabagirana neza, kandi ifite urumuri rwiza. Ingufu zo gukurura, imbaraga zo gukurura, imbaraga zo gukurura ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubushyuhe buke, imbaraga zo gukurura amavuta, imbaraga zo gushonga kw'ibinyabuzima, imbaraga zo kwangirika no gutobora ni byiza cyane, kandi filimi ni nziza cyane, irwanya ogisijeni nziza, ariko uruzitiro rw'amazi ni rubi, ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza amazi mu mazi, ubushobozi bwo kwinjira mu mazi ni bwinshi, kandi ubushyuhe buragabanuka. Ikwiriye gupakira ibintu bikomeye, nk'ibiryo biryoshye, ibiryo bikaranze, ibiryo bipfunyitse mu cyuma, ibiryo bitekwa mu cyuma, nibindi.
6. Polyethylene ifite ubucucike bwinshi (HDPE)
Filimi ya HDPE yitwa geomembrane cyangwa firime idapfa kwinjira. Aho ishongesha ni hafi 110℃-130℃, kandi ubucucike bwayo ni 0.918-0.965kg / cm3. Ni resin ya thermoplastic idafite kristali nyinshi, isa na HDPE y'umwimerere ni umweru usa n'amata, mu gice gito cy'urumuri runaka. Irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubuke kandi irwanya ingaruka, ndetse no ku bushyuhe buri hasi -40F. Ihamye, gukomera, gukomera, imbaraga za mashini, imbaraga zo gucika ni nziza cyane, kandi hamwe n'ubwiyongere bw'ubucucike, imiterere ya mashini, imiterere y'imbogamizi, imbaraga zo gukurura no kurwanya ubushyuhe bizarushaho kwiyongera, ishobora kurwanya aside, alkali, organic solvents n'izindi ngeso mbi. Kumenya: ahanini nta kintu kigaragara, gisa n'ishashara, gukaraba mu ishashi ya pulasitiki cyangwa gukaraba iyo irimo ingese.
7. Polyethylene nkeya (LDPE)
Ubucucike bwa filime ya LDPE ni buke, bworoshye, burwanya ubushyuhe buke, ubudahangarwa bw'ibinyabutabire ni bwiza, mu bihe bisanzwe aside (usibye aside ikomeye igabanya ubushyuhe), alkali, kwangirika k'umunyu, hamwe n'ubushyuhe bwiza bw'amashanyarazi. LDPE ikoreshwa cyane mu masashe ya pulasitiki, ikimenyetso cy'ibikoresho ni No. 4, kandi ibicuruzwa byayo bikoreshwa cyane mu bwubatsi bw'ubwubatsi n'ubuhinzi, nka geomemofilm, filime y'ubuhinzi (firime y'ibishishwa, filime y'ifu, filime yo kubikamo, nibindi). Kumenya: Isashe ya pulasitiki ikozwe muri LDPE ni yoroshye, ntigira ubushyuhe bwinshi iyo uyivanga, filime ya pulasitiki yo hanze yo gupfunyika iba yoroshye kuyicamo LDPE, kandi iyo filime ya PVC cyangwa PP irushaho kwangirika no gukomera.
8. Alukoro ya Polyvinyl (PVA)
Filimi ifite ubushobozi bwo gufunga ibintu byinshi ikozwe no gusiga amazi ya polyvinyl alcohol ku gice cya pulasitiki cya polyethylene. Kubera ko firimi ifite ubushobozi bwo gufunga ibintu byinshi ikoresheje polyvinyl alcohol ifite ubushobozi bwo gufunga ibintu neza kandi ikujuje ibisabwa mu kurengera ibidukikije, isoko ry’ibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo ibintu ni ryiza cyane, kandi hari isoko rinini mu nganda z’ibiribwa.
9. Filimi ya polypropylene yo gucukura (CPP)
Filimi ya polypropylene yo gutwika (CPP) ni ubwoko bwa firime idapfa kwangirika, idakoresha uburyo bwo gukurura ikorwa n'ubukonje bwa quench yo gutwika. Irangwa n'umuvuduko wihuse wo gukora, umusaruro mwinshi, ubwiza bwa firime, ubwiza bw'urumuri, uburyo bworoshye bwo gufunga, ubunini bungana neza, ishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo guteka (ubushyuhe bwo guteka buri hejuru ya 120 ° C) no gufunga ubushyuhe buke (ubushyuhe bwo gufunga ubushyuhe buri munsi ya 125 ° C), imikorere irangana neza. Imirimo yo gukurikirana nko gucapa, gufunga ibintu bivanze ni nziza, ikoreshwa cyane mu myenda, ibiryo, gupakira ibintu bikenewe buri munsi, gukora substrate y'imbere mu gupakira ibintu bivanze, bishobora kongera igihe cyo kumara ibiryo, kongera ubwiza.
10. Filimi ya polypropylene ikoresha icyerekezo cy'ibice bibiri (BOPP)
Filimi ya Biaxial polypropylene (BOPP) ni ibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo bibonerana kandi byoroshye byakozwe mu myaka ya 1960, bikaba ari umurongo wihariye wo gukora uvanga ibikoresho fatizo bya polypropylene n'ibindi bikoresho fatizo, gushonga no kuvanga, gukora impapuro, hanyuma ugakora firime ukoresheje kurambura. Iyi firime ntabwo ifite gusa ibyiza byo kuba ifite ubucucike buke, irwanya ingese kandi irwanya ubushyuhe bwiza bwa resin ya PP y'umwimerere, ahubwo inafite imiterere myiza y'urumuri, imbaraga nyinshi za mashini, amasoko menshi y'ibikoresho fatizo, imiterere myiza yo gucapa, kandi ishobora guhuzwa n'impapuro, PET n'izindi substrates. Ifite imiterere myiza kandi irabagirana, ifata neza wino no kuyisiga, imbaraga nyinshi zo gukurura, imiterere myiza yo kurinda amavuta, imiterere mike ya electrostatic.
11. Filimi y'icyuma
Filimi ikoze mu byuma ifite imiterere ya pulasitiki n'icyuma. Akamaro ko gutwikira aluminium hejuru y'ifirimi ni ukubuza urumuri no gukumira imirasire ya ultraviolet, byongerera igihe ibirimo bimara kandi bikanoza urumuri rwa firimi, bigasimbuza aluminium foil ku rugero runaka, kandi bifite imiterere ihendutse, nziza kandi nziza yo kubuza ibintu. Kubwibyo, firimi ikozwe mu byuma ikoreshwa cyane mu gupfunyika, ahanini ikoreshwa mu biscuit n'ibindi bipfunyika byumye, bipfunyika mu biryo, imiti n'amavuta yo kwisiga.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 19 Nyakanga-2023